5/30/2023 0 Comments Compartments of leg and movementsThe tibialis posterior is primarily involved in ankle plantar flexion as well as inversion of the foot. The flexor digitorum longus is involved in flexion of the other four toes of the foot, plantarflexion of the ankle as well, and also maintains the lateral and medial longitudinal arches of the foot. Additionally, it supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. The flexor hallucis longus is primarily involved with flexing the big toe while also having limited contribution to plantar flexion of the ankle. The deep posterior compartment muscles include the flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior and popliteus muscles. The plantaris, a muscle that is thought to be absent in 10% of the population, is also involved in plantar flexion of the ankle but plays a limited compared to the other two superficial posterior muscles. The soleus is involved in plantar flexion of the ankle, irrespective of knee position. The gastrocnemius is involved in plantar flexion of the ankle, while the knee is in extension, and also is involved in flexing the leg at the knee joint. Together these three muscles form the triceps surae. The three muscles within the superficial posterior compartment include the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles. However, current thinking realizes that fascia, such as that of the posterior leg compartment, are not only involved in creating osteofascial compartments for muscles but also provide protective tunnels for neovascular bundles irrespective of limb positions, facilitate venous return, act as protective sheaths, dissipate external pressures, and are clinically significant in the spread or containment of infections. It was traditionally felt that the fascia overlying specialized organs and tissues within the body are irrelevant and only served to hold in place a particular tissue type. Within the posterior compartment of the leg, an additional septum further separates the compartment into two additional layers superficial and deep. The deep fibular nerve (L5 and S1) innervates this muscle.The divisions of the lower leg are made up by intermuscular septa that are extensions of the overlying fascia. The fibularis tertius muscle dorsiflexes and everts the foot. Attaches proximally to the distal part of the fibula distally, it attaches to the base of metatarsal 5. The deep fibular nerve (L5 and S1) innervates this muscle. The extensor hallucis longus muscle extends the great toe and dorsiflexes the foot. Attaches proximally on the fibula and interosseous membrane distally, it attaches to the distal phalanx of the great toe. The extensor digitorum longus muscle extends lateral digits 2 to 4 and dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint. Attaches proximally on the fibula and lateral tibial condyle distally, it attaches to the dorsal digital expansions into digits 2 to 5. The deep fibular nerve (L4 and L5) innervates this muscle. The tibialis anterior muscle dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint and inverts the foot. Attaches proximally to the tibia and interosseous membrane distally, it attaches to the medial cuneiform and the base of metatarsal 1. Inversion and plantarflexion of foot support of medial arch of foot during walking Navicular, all cuneiform bones, and metatarsals 2–4 Posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane Unlocks knee joint laterally rotates femur on fixed tibia Posterior compartment of the leg (deep group) Posterior aspect of tibia (soleal line) and posterior aspect of fibular head and shaft Via calcaneal tendon to posterior surface of calcaneus bone Lateral head: superior to lateral femoral condyle Medial head: superior to medial femoral condyle Posterior compartment of the leg (superficial group) Via dorsal digital expansions into digits 2–5Įxtension of lateral digits 2–5 and dorsiflexion of footĮxtension of great tow and dorsiflexion of foot Medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1ĭorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint inversion of foot
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